1 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
William Jeynes a80d433fb6 Add self improvement pattern with two new prompt nodes 2026-03-26 14:44:48 +00:00
27 changed files with 163 additions and 269 deletions
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# TEMP
literature/
backup.tar.gz
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# AI models for identifying trigger events in disinformation analysis
Final Dissertation Submission Repository
## Abstract
Disinformation on the internet has become a significant and growing challenge, driven by the sheer volume and speed of content generation across digital platforms.
While prior work has thoroughly investigated tasks such as automatic disinformation detection, especially using large language models, comparatively little attention has been paid to applying these techniques to generative analyses of claims. In particular, the retrieval of structured contextual background information that explains why disinformation spreads remains underexplored.
This paper introduces a dataset of trigger events, defined as actions or statements that influence the creation, spread or believability of disinformation claims.
The dataset is created using large language models as few-shot retrievers and subsequently validated through an ensemble classifier to ensure consistency.
We find that we can successfully retrieve a large dataset of trigger events with high accuracy, and that the dataset proves useful in applications that can be useful in the real-world scenarios of debunking and prebunking.
[Project Writeup](/literature/WillJeynes-Dissertation.pdf)
[Project Presentation](https://jillweynes.github.io/LLMsForDisinformationPrediction-GraphVizBuilt/presentation)
## Repository Information
This repository contains the code for main dataset generation, as a [langchain](https://www.langchain.com/) project.
![diagram](literature/design.png)
In **green** is claim normalisation based on [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17402)
In **red** is the main AI processing, based on a simple tool invocation setup
![tool invocation](literature/prompting.png)
Finally, in **yellow** is an ensemble model to quantify the usefullness of the AI generated responses, compared against a human-labelled dataset
## Generated Dataset Link
A dataset of this pipeline ran against 2000 input claims from [StopFake](https://www.stopfake.org/en/main/) and [ScienceFeedback](https://science.feedback.org/) is available on [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/WillJeynes/LLMsForDisinformationAnalysis-Dataset)
## More information
A Graph-Based Dataset Visualisation tool is available [online](https://jillweynes.github.io/LLMsForDisinformationPrediction-GraphVizBuilt/), to show the potential usability of the content.
This and other usage experiments can be seen on the [sister repository](https://git.host.jeynes.uk/jill/LLMsForDisinformationPrediction)
# This repository:
## Project Description
-- todo --
## Solution Diagram
-- todo --
## Classifier Refinement
To see more detail about the ensembkle classifier, see [this folder](/supporting/RAGAS_Service/)
[See RAGAS_Service](/supporting/RAGAS_Service/)
## Agent Refinement
To see more detail about experiments to improve the output quality, see [this folder](/agent/)
[See agent](/agent/)
## Generated Database Link and Usage Experiments
-- todo --
## Repository Structure
```
@@ -64,6 +29,8 @@ To see more detail about experiments to improve the output quality, see [this fo
| ├── input.jsonl # Response in cleaned format to give as context to agent
| ├── ranked.jsonl # Cleaned trigger event response from scorer frontend
| └── results.jsonl # Output from wrapper script, read and modified by scorer
├── literature/
| └── report.pdf # Final submission report
├── agent/ # Code for main project pipeline
| ├── agent.ts # Graph definition file
| ├── conditionals/ # Conditional translations
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## Refining the agent output
Experiments modifying pipeline
| Model | % Correct | % Change |
|------------------|----------:|---------:|
| BASELINE | 33 | 0 |
| Improv Prompt | 39.96 | 0.21 |
| Add Examples | 44.67 | 0.35 |
| Date | 45.51 | 0.38 |
| Chain of Thought | 43.38 | 0.31 |
| Self-Critique | 44.36 | 0.34 |
Experiments with different model types:
| Model | % Correct | % Change |
|-------------------------------|----------:|---------:|
| gpt-5-mini | 45.51 | |
| gpt-5.4-mini | 32.4 | |
| gpt-5.4-nano | 23.28 | |
| gpt-4.1-mini | 27.85 | |
| gpt-4o-mini | 32.47 | |
| llama3.1:8b-instruct-q4_K_M | ? | |
| qwen3.5:9b | 0 | |
%age valid URLS
| Model | Number | % Age |
|-------------------------------|----------:|---------:|
| gpt-5-mini | 22/405 | 5.43 |
| gpt-5.4-mini | 29/278 | 10.43 |
| gpt-5.4-nano | 6/210 | 2.85 |
| gpt-4.1-mini | 15/269 | 5.57 |
| gpt-4o-mini | 27/287 | 9.407 |
TODO: Table and document experiments
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@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@ import { loopEndConditional } from "./conditionals/loop_end";
import { sort } from "./nodes/sort";
import { triggerEventSetup } from "./nodes/triggerEventSetup";
import { createEnsembleNode } from "./nodes/ensembleNode";
import { selfEvalSetup } from "./nodes/selfEvalSetup";
const triggerEventToolNode = createToolNode(triggerEventToolsByName);
const peToolNode = createToolNode(triggerEventToolsByName);
const normalisationModel = createModelNode([], "normalization.txt");
const triggerEventModel = createModelNode(triggerEventToolsByName, "trigger.txt");
const evaluationModel = createModelNode([], "eval.txt");
const peModel = createModelNode(triggerEventToolsByName, "posteval.txt");
const triggerEventToolConditional = createToolConditional("triggerEventToolNode", verificationSetup.name);
const triggerEventToolConditional = createToolConditional("triggerEventToolNode", selfEvalSetup.name);
const peToolConditional = createToolConditional("peToolNode", verificationSetup.name);
const roNode = createEnsembleNode("ROBERTA", "roberta");
const flNode = createEnsembleNode("FLAN", "flan");
@@ -33,6 +38,12 @@ const agent = new StateGraph(MessagesState)
.addNode("triggerEventToolNode", triggerEventToolNode)
.addNode("triggerEventModel", triggerEventModel)
.addNode(selfEvalSetup.name, selfEvalSetup)
.addNode("evaluationModel", evaluationModel)
.addNode("peToolNode", peToolNode)
.addNode("peModel", peModel)
.addNode(verificationSetup.name, verificationSetup)
.addNode("roNode", roNode)
@@ -49,9 +60,16 @@ const agent = new StateGraph(MessagesState)
.addEdge(triggerEventSetup.name, "triggerEventModel")
// @ts-expect-error
.addConditionalEdges("triggerEventModel", triggerEventToolConditional, ["triggerEventToolNode", verificationSetup.name])
.addConditionalEdges("triggerEventModel", triggerEventToolConditional, ["triggerEventToolNode", selfEvalSetup.name])
.addEdge("triggerEventToolNode", "triggerEventModel")
.addEdge(selfEvalSetup.name, "evaluationModel")
.addEdge("evaluationModel", "peModel")
// @ts-expect-error
.addConditionalEdges("peModel", peToolConditional, ["peToolNode", verificationSetup.name])
.addEdge("peToolNode", "peModel")
.addEdge(verificationSetup.name, "roNode")
.addEdge(verificationSetup.name, "flNode")
.addEdge(verificationSetup.name, "lrNode")
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import { GraphNode } from "@langchain/langgraph";
import { MessagesState, ProposedTriggerEventArray } from "../state";
import { logger } from "../utils/logger";
import { queryScraper } from "../tools/webSearch";
import { rankAndDisplayData } from "../tools/triggerEventTools";
export const selfEvalSetup: GraphNode<typeof MessagesState> = async (state) => {
let genResponse = state.messages.at(-1)?.content.toString() ?? "";
const parsed = ProposedTriggerEventArray.parse(JSON.parse(genResponse));
for (let i = 0; i < parsed.length; i++) {
const search = parsed[i].SearchQuery
const data = await queryScraper(search);
const output = await rankAndDisplayData(data, search);
parsed[i].context = output;
}
return { evalTriggerEvent: parsed };
};
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@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
import { GraphNode } from "@langchain/langgraph";
import { MessagesState, ProposedTriggerEventArray } from "../state";
import { logger } from "../utils/logger";
import { jsonrepair } from 'jsonrepair'
import { queryScraper } from "../tools/webSearch";
import { rankAndDisplayData } from "../tools/triggerEventTools";
export const verificationSetup: GraphNode<typeof MessagesState> = async (state) => {
//this is kinda doing two things, but having two nodes for it seems overkill
@@ -10,31 +11,8 @@ export const verificationSetup: GraphNode<typeof MessagesState> = async (state)
logger.warn("No trigger events in memory, parsing")
let genResponse = state.messages.at(-1)?.content.toString() ?? "";
const parsed = ProposedTriggerEventArray.parse(JSON.parse(genResponse));
const repaired = jsonrepair(genResponse);
let parsed;
try {
const json = JSON.parse(repaired);
if (Array.isArray(json)) {
parsed = ProposedTriggerEventArray.parse(json);
} else {
// try grab first value
const firstValue = Object.values(json)[0];
if (Array.isArray(firstValue)) {
parsed = ProposedTriggerEventArray.parse(firstValue);
} else {
throw new Error("No array found in JSON");
}
}
} catch (err: any) {
logger.error(`Failed to parse LLM response: ${err.message}`);
throw new Error(`Failed to parse LLM response: ${err}`);
}
return { proposedTriggerEvent: parsed, proposedTriggerEventIndex: 0 };
}
else {
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@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
"dotenv": "^17.2.3",
"exponential-backoff": "^3.1.3",
"fs": "^0.0.1-security",
"jsonrepair": "^3.13.3",
"langchain": "^1.2.14",
"selenium-webdriver": "^4.40.0",
"tldts": "^7.0.23",
@@ -2076,15 +2075,6 @@
"integrity": "sha512-ZClg6AaYvamvYEE82d3Iyd3vSSIjQ+odgjaTzRuO3s7toCdFKczob2i0zCh7JE8kWn17yvAWhUVxvqGwUalsRA==",
"license": "ISC"
},
"node_modules/jsonrepair": {
"version": "3.13.3",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jsonrepair/-/jsonrepair-3.13.3.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-BTznj0owIt2CBAH/LTo7+1I5pMvl1e1033LRl/HUowlZmJOIhzC0zbX5bxMngLkfT4WnzPP26QnW5wMr2g9tsQ==",
"license": "ISC",
"bin": {
"jsonrepair": "bin/cli.js"
}
},
"node_modules/jszip": {
"version": "3.10.1",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jszip/-/jszip-3.10.1.tgz",
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@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
"dotenv": "^17.2.3",
"exponential-backoff": "^3.1.3",
"fs": "^0.0.1-security",
"jsonrepair": "^3.13.3",
"langchain": "^1.2.14",
"selenium-webdriver": "^4.40.0",
"tldts": "^7.0.23",
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You are an impartial and meticulous evaluator assessing LLMs response based on key quality dimensions
of honesty and usefulness. Your goal is to provide structured feedback that can be used to improve the
response.
Evaluation task: please follow these steps carefully:
1. Analyze the response based on the three dimensions below.
2. Provide justifications first: write a brief explanation justifying your assessment for each dimension.
3. Assign scores after justification: assign a score from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent) for each dimension
based on your justification.
4. Synthesize: provide a brief overall impression and the single most important suggestion for improve-
ment, keeping in mind that explanation/honesty is the top priority, then followed by guidance.
Critique dimensions (evaluate in this order):
(1) Speficicity and usefullness: Can the proposed event be used to create a dataset of concrete events mapped to later
disinformation.
(2) Existance: Using the context provided, can the user be certain that the proposed trigger event actually happened
(3) Causality: Is there a possible link from the proposed trigger event to the disinformaiton at hand
Overall impression & key improvement suggestion: Briefly summarize the overall quality and state the
most critical change needed to improve the response.
Disinformation query:
###NTITLE###
Disinformation date:
###CDATE###
LLMs response to evaluate:
###LM###
Provided context:
###VESEARCHES###
Let's think it through step by step
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@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ export async function hydratePrompt(path: string, state: any) : Promise<string>
raw = raw.replace("###LM###", state.messages.at(-1).content);
}
if (raw.indexOf("###L2M###") != -1) {
raw = raw.replace("###L2M###", state.messages.at(-2).content);
}
if (raw.indexOf("###NTITLE###") != -1) {
raw = raw.replace("###NTITLE###", state.normalizedClaim);
}
@@ -33,5 +37,12 @@ export async function hydratePrompt(path: string, state: any) : Promise<string>
raw = raw.replace("###TESEARCH###", output)
}
if (raw.indexOf("###VESEARCHES###") != -1) {
const output = state.evalTriggerEvent
.map(e => e.context)
.join("\n")
raw = raw.replace("###VESEARCHES###", output)
}
return raw;
}
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You are an expert editor tasked with making targeted improvements to an existing LLMs response based
on a specific critique with the primary goal of enhancing its score according to evaluation standards while
preserving its strengths.
Your revision task: generate a revised version of the existing response. Your goal is not to rewrite it
completely, but to make precise edits only to address the specific weaknesses highlighted in the critique.
Instructions for editing:
- Identify specific flaws: carefully read the critique and pinpoint the exact issues raised (e.g., unclear
explanation, vagueness, inappropriate responses, the key suggestion).
- Perform minimal targeted edits: modify only the necessary sentences or paragraphs within the existing
response to directly fix these identified flaws.
- Strongly preserve strengths: crucially keep all other parts of the existing response intact. Do not
rephrase, restructure, or remove sections that were not criticized or likely contributed positively to its
initial score.
- Ensure coherence: verify that your targeted edits integrate smoothly and do not introduce contradictions
or awkward phrasing.
Output requirements:
- It should feel like a slightly polished or corrected version of the existing response, not a fundamentally
different answer.
- Do not mention the critique, scores, or the editing process. The output should be clean json that passes validation checks
Again, use a JSON format with each entry containing "Event,ReasoningWhyRelevant,SearchQuery,Url,Date".
Use tools available to you if further information is required
Add no new events, only improve the existing items
Disinformation query:
###NTITLE###
Disinformation date:
###CDATE###
LLMs response to improve:
###L2M###
Citique:
###LM###
This contains specific feedback, justifications, scores from 1 to 10, and potentially a key improvement
suggestion. Focus on the justifications for low scores and the key suggestion.
Let's think it through step by step
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Could the following real-world event:
###TECLAIM###
Be a trigger for the following disinformation:
###TITLE###
Respond with "RELATION", followed by : followed by a confidence score (VERYHIGH, HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW, VERYLOW) followed by : followed by the reason. Use no other words, just return the score and reason in format.
Ignore wether the event happened or not, purely consider the likiness of causation
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Do the search results cited below
###TESEARCH###
Support the idea that the following happened:
###TECLAIM###
Respond with "CONFIDENCE", followed by : followed by a confidence score (VERYHIGH, HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW, VERYLOW) followed by : followed by the reason. Use no other words, just return the score and reason in format.
Dates can be off by a few days, that would still be valid
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@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export const MessagesState = new StateSchema({
date: z.string(),
messages: MessagesValue,
proposedTriggerEvent: ProposedTriggerEventArray,
evalTriggerEvent: ProposedTriggerEventArray,
proposedTriggerEventIndex: z.int(),
normalizedClaim: z.string(),
});
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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ set -e
run_agent () {
echo "Starting LangGraph agent..."
cd agent
npx @langchain/langgraph-cli@1.1.17 dev
npx @langchain/langgraph-cli dev
}
run_ensemble_service () {
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@@ -2,32 +2,14 @@
Made using a dataset of 1000 labeled claims from MVP pipeline.
# Roberta model
Roberta model trained on an augmented dataset with LLM generated adversarial examples for low frequency labels.
Trained on an augmented dataset with LLM generated adversarial examples for low frequency labels.
Flan model trained using raw labelled claims, inherrent natural language ability allows for pattern recognition without the need for fake data.
![ROBERTA Diagram](/literature/classifierROBERTA.png)
Regression model trained using the roberta dataset.
# Flan model
Trained using raw labelled claims, inherrent natural language ability allows for pattern recognition without the need for fake data.
![FLAN Diagram](/literature/classifierFLAN.png)
# NN Model
Regression model trained like roberta.
![NN Diagram](/literature/classifierNN.png)
# Ensemble
Used ensemble model in the final version, with the component models available on Hugging Face.
![Ensemble Diagram](/literature/classifierOverall.png)
| Model | % Correct | % Valid taken forward|Used in ensemble|Link
|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|----------------------|----------------|-
| Original | 53.22 | 61.72 |
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ datasets
# ROBERTA
scikit-learn
transformers[torch]
sentence_transformers
# Utils
numpy
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@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ const MODE = process.env.MODE ?? "claim";
const MAX_CONCURRENCY = 5;
const OFFSET = parseInt(process.env.OFFSET ?? "0", 10);
const LIMIT = process.env.LIMIT ? parseInt(process.env.LIMIT, 10) : null;
const client = new Client({ apiUrl: API_URL });
@@ -167,19 +164,10 @@ async function processRecord(record: any): Promise<ResultRecord> {
async function main() {
console.log("Reading input file...");
const allRecords = await loadInputs();
const records = await loadInputs();
console.log(`Loaded ${allRecords.length} records`);
console.log(`Loaded ${records.length} records`);
const records = allRecords.slice(
OFFSET,
LIMIT !== null ? OFFSET + LIMIT : undefined
);
console.log(
`Processing ${records.length} records (offset=${OFFSET}, limit=${LIMIT ?? "∞"})`
);
fs.writeFileSync(OUTPUT_FILE, "", { flag: "a" });
const limit = pLimit(MAX_CONCURRENCY);
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@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
import json
import argparse
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException, TimeoutException, StaleElementReferenceException
from tqdm import tqdm
def init_driver():
options = Options()
options.headless = True
options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
prefs = {
"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2, # block images
"profile.default_content_setting_values.stylesheets": 2, # block CSS
"profile.managed_default_content_settings.cookies": 2, # optional
}
options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)
return driver
def is_root_url(url):
parsed = urlparse(url)
return parsed.path in ("", "/")
def is_404_page(driver):
"""Safely check for 404, handling stale elements."""
try:
title = driver.title.lower()
body_text = driver.find_element("tag name", "body").text.lower()
return "404" in title or "404" in body_text
except StaleElementReferenceException:
return False
except Exception:
return False
def check_url_selenium(url):
driver = None
try:
driver = init_driver()
driver.get(url)
# 404 check
if is_404_page(driver):
return False, "404 page detected"
# Root URL after redirects
final_url = driver.current_url
if is_root_url(final_url):
return False, f"Redirected to root URL ({final_url})"
return True, None
except (WebDriverException, TimeoutException) as e:
return False, str(e)
finally:
if driver:
driver.quit()
def process_event(event):
"""Process an event only if score > 0.4."""
score = event.get("score", 0)
if score <= 0.4:
return None, False, "Score too low"
url = event.get("Url")
if not url:
return None, False, "No URL"
is_valid, error_msg = check_url_selenium(url)
event["url_valid"] = is_valid
return url, is_valid, error_msg
def process_jsonl_file(file_path, max_workers=4):
invalid_urls = []
valid_urls = 0
# Gather events with score > 0.4
urls_to_check = []
with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f:
line_data = json.loads(line)
if line_data.get("status") != "success":
continue
for event in line_data.get("events", []):
if event.get("score", 0) > 0.4:
urls_to_check.append(event)
total_urls = len(urls_to_check)
# ThreadPoolExecutor with tqdm progress bar
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
future_to_event = {executor.submit(process_event, e): e for e in urls_to_check}
for future in tqdm(as_completed(future_to_event), total=total_urls, desc="Checking URLs"):
url, is_valid, error_msg = future.result()
if not is_valid and url:
invalid_urls.append((url, error_msg))
else:
valid_urls += 1
# Summary
if invalid_urls:
print("\nList of invalid URLs and reasons:")
for url, err in invalid_urls:
print(f"{url} --> {err}")
print("\n=== URL Validation Summary ===")
print(f"Total URLs processed: {total_urls}")
print(f"Valid URLs (loaded successfully): {valid_urls}")
print(f"Invalid URLs: {len(invalid_urls)}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Validate URLs in JSONL file events using Selenium")
parser.add_argument("file_path", type=str, help="Path to the JSONL file")
parser.add_argument("--workers", type=int, default=4, help="Number of parallel Selenium workers")
args = parser.parse_args()
process_jsonl_file(args.file_path, max_workers=args.workers)
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@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ DEFAULT_PARAMS = [
("organization", "http://weverify.eu/resource/Organization/3727f7b2aa90ec0716693e5464b28d18"), # StopFake
]
NUM_RANDOM_CLAIMS = 2000
NUM_RANDOM_CLAIMS = 200
INPUT_FILE = "../../data/input.jsonl"
OUTPUT_FILE = "../../data/claims.json"